Three elements of composite material development

Composite materials should seek development from improving structural efficiency, process efficiency and cost reduction. At present, the development trend of composite materials technology mainly includes the following points:

First, new fibers with higher specific strength and specific modulus, such as PBO fibers, PIPD (M5) fibers, and nanofibers, should be continuously developed and applied.

Second, to strengthen the application of nanomaterials in composite materials, directly using one-dimensional nanowires as reinforcing agents, the composite materials can have extremely excellent mechanical properties.

At present, in armored composite materials, reinforced polymeric armor materials such as nano ceramics, carbon nanotubes, and nano metal oxides have been developed abroad. How to achieve good dispersion, straightening, orientation orientation and orderly arrangement of carbon nanotubes in polymers will be the focus of research on nanocomposites.

Third, it should continue to be functional, structural/functional integration and intelligent , biochemical development.

Composite materials have the freedom of design and are suitable for the development of functional materials and structural/functional materials as well as advanced forms. Including the composite development from the macro level to the sub-macro and micro level, from the realization of mechanical functions to the composite development of electrical, magnetic, optical and acoustic functions, and further to smart and intelligent composite materials, biomimetic composites Wait for development.

Fourth, we will continue to develop new technologies for material compounding in the direction of low cost. The manufacturing cost of composite materials is usually 20% of raw materials, 70% of molding processing, and 10% of quality control and inspection costs. Therefore, the focus of reducing the cost of composite materials is the molding process, followed by the cost of raw materials.

The molding process should be improved and developed in the following areas:

First, the development and use of RTM and resin film immersion melting (RFI), the development of new low-cost non-heat curing process, mainly microwave, electron beam (EB), ultrasonic, ultraviolet light and other methods.

Secondly, develop process simulation technology, establish models of layup, dipping, curing and other processes and use artificial intelligence simulation to optimize the process, improve process parameter accuracy, automation and product qualification rate.

At the same time, the development of integrated, automated molding processes, such as the use of winding - hot press tank, autoclave - RTM and other combinations, using pultrusion, winding and other automated processes, the development of automated molding, a multi-mode molding and other molding technology.

The following methods can be used to reduce raw material costs. The use of large tow carbon fiber for molding, 160K, 320K carbon fiber has appeared in foreign countries; the development of low temperature curing, high temperature resin and prepreg to reduce energy consumption; the use of hybrid fiber composites.

In addition, the development of new materials composite technology. New composite technologies based on microscopic, submicroscopic and microscopic structure levels are the focus of a new generation of composite materials.

For example, an in-situ composite technology characterized by dispersion in the matrix during synthesis of the material and good compatibility with the parent, no re-contamination; self-heating, self-cleaning and high activity, metastable structure products Vulcanization composite technology; gradient composite technology characterized by composition, structure and performance gradual change; molecular self-assembly technology characterized by carrying a charge matrix to form a layered high-density, nano-scale uniform dispersion material by alternating electrostatic attraction; A molecular composite technique characterized by molecular packing to form ordered structures and form a supramolecular structure.

Wei Huazhen, the fifth and third institute of China Ordnance Industry Group