(Xi'an Institute of Engineering and Technology, Xi'an 710048) Material concentration and acceleration account for pressure-current, magnetic collision and other ish-changing colors. Mainly photosensitive color-changing fiber and thermal color change | thousand bookmark2 In recent years, intelligent fiber is developing at an unusual speed, mainly fiber-optic sensor, conductive fiber, shape memory fiber, color-changing fiber, piezoelectric ceramic fiber, heat storage temperature-regulating fiber , temperature and humidity control fibers, selective antibacterial fibers.
21.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Fiber optic sensors can detect strain, temperature, displacement, and chemical signals. They are the most mature fiber sensors ever developed.
The Georgia Institute of Technology implanted a plastic fiber optic sensor into a shirt, using a fabry-erot sensor to detect a certain part of the signal, and developed a "smart" T-shirt with "perception" that helps medical staff detect the heartbeat of the patient. Physiological indicators such as body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing can also be understood by the monitoring personnel and the physical condition of athletes, astronauts, and pilots to prevent babies from dying during sleep. If a soldier wears such a T-shirt, once the bullet is injured, the T-shirt is broken down, the light signal in the T-shirt can not be transmitted to the other end, and the "personal state monitor" will be transmitted back to the rear, and the medical staff will According to this, I know the situation of the wounded and send people to the rescue according to the situation.
A fabric that is constructed by implanting a network of fiber optic sensors into the foam to monitor the pressure conditions of the fabric. The University of Drexel in the United States will use a conductive polymer-coated fiber optic sensor to implant the fabric, which is expected to be used for the detection of biochemical substances on the battlefield.
2.1.2 Shape memory fiber shape Memory fiber refers to the shape (primary shape) given by the external heat during thermoforming, which can be deformed arbitrarily during cooling and fixed at a lower temperature (2) Sub-molding), when heated again, can reversibly restore the original shape of the fiber. The most common shape memory fiber is a nickel titanium alloy fiber.
Currently, shape memory alloy fibers have been used in smart structures, medical orthopedics, anti-scald garments and new memory garments. For example, a clothing company in Italy invented a shirt that does not need to be ironed with an iron. When you feel hot, it will automatically roll up its sleeves. The fibers of this garment are woven from nylon and an alloy of Nitinol. When the ambient temperature rises to a certain temperature, the sleeves become shorter. According to the manufacturer, the fibers of this garment are woven from five nylon fibers around a Nitinol alloy, which can be washed in general clothes without causing allergic reactions.
2.1.3 Color-changing fiber The color-changing fiber is a kind of special composition or structure that can be reversibly and automatically changed after being stimulated by external light such as light, heat, moisture or radiation. Computer bumper E is a person (the body is sold by the company. The garment made of color-changing fiber shows a change in color at different temperatures and light. Soldiers wear it in different places and become environmental. The color is not easy to be discovered by the enemy, and the purpose of concealing itself is achieved. The color-changing fiber is also suitable for making stage costumes, children's wear, and the like.
21.4 Temperature-regulating fiber The temperature-regulating fiber can change according to the ambient temperature of the environment, and the liquid-phase reversible phase change accompanying the room temperature phase change substance contained in the fiber, or the heat absorbed from the environment is stored in the fiber, or the heat is stored in the fiber. A microclimate with a relatively constant temperature is formed around the fibers to achieve temperature regulation over a period of time. The textile processed from the heat storage temperature-regulating fiber has the dynamic heat preservation effect due to the heat absorption and release of the phase change material in addition to the static heat preservation effect of the conventional textile. At present, the fiber is mainly used in ski jackets, boots, gloves, socks, hats, sportswear and the like.
21.5 Intelligent antibacterial fiber There are various kinds of bacteria on the surface of human skin. Excessive or no bacteria on the surface of the skin can cause various problems such as allergies, odor or illness. Nylstar Company of the United States has created a "smart polyamide fiber". The antibacterial agent is contained inside the fiber instead of adhering to the fiber surface, so there is no need to worry that the ingredients will cause skin allergies, and it can withstand 30 times of washing. The difference between the fiber and the general antibacterial fiber is that the amount of bacteria on the surface of the skin can be controlled to maintain a normal level, whether it is mild or vigorous.
22 Intelligent technology combined with electronic technology and textiles Intelligent clothing with electronic functions has certain requirements for polymer electronics. Sensors and electronic components do not interfere or create trouble for the wearer, and the polymer electronic components should be as soft as textiles.
Recently, some Belgian scientists have developed wearable electronic products. The smart running suits they designed are also cleverly woven with electronic sound relaxers. When you wear it to run, it automatically plays some type of music and adjusts the rhythm of the music at any time to help runners adjust their pace at any time. The smart clothing launched by FAC Fashion Design GmbH in Germany integrates the functions of mobile phones, recorders, MP3 and GPS systems.
23 other types of smart textiles 2 31 anti-collision clothing elderly people are slow to move, a little careless and easy to fall. In response to this situation, a Swiss company has successfully developed a type of anti-collision clothing called *SV*. If the old man's blood pressure rises, dizziness, once he falls, as long as he puts on the clothing, there will be no danger of injury. M. When the anti-collision cap f is tilted, the computer will command the bumper to open and adjust the tilt. Degree, the old man will feel the head like someone holding it. Even if the dumping speed is fast, it does not matter if the bumper does not respond, because the old man's head is also supported by the anti-collision spring tension, so the old man will not be injured.
2.32 T-shirts that can be supplemented with vitamin C. Japan Fuji Textile Co., Ltd. has developed a fabric containing pro-vitamin. The pre-vitamin is a special substance that, when it reacts with chemicals in the human skin, turns into a vitamin C. The T-shirt washes more than 30 times and also has the ability to supplement vitamin C. Those who can't get enough vitamins from their diet can be supplemented by wearing this T-shirt.
2.33 Smart Textiles for Military Uses Researchers in the US Army System in Natick, Massachusetts, are developing a new style of clothing that is specially worn by soldiers to change color and accept e-mail. The garment, called the "Scorpio High Speed ​​Combat Suit," will use miniature devices embedded in the fiber of the garment, including an integrated antenna that allows soldiers to receive emails and information about themselves and the exact location of the enemy. In addition, the tiny luminescent particles implanted in the garment can distinguish the color and characteristics of the scene environment, change its color and mix with it. It is said that this garment will be equipped with troops in 2010.
2.34 toxic substances detection fabric toxic substances detection fabric is woven into the fabric some optical fiber sensors, when the optical micro-sensor is exposed to a certain gas, electromagnetic energy, biochemistry or other toxic medium, is triggered to generate an alarm signal, Remind the wearer exposed to toxic gases and improve the survivability of soldiers on the battlefield. These savvy garments have greater significance as protective clothing for firefighters, toxic substance workers, or other workers exposed to toxic gas fields.
3 Conclusion Because of the importance of smart materials and structures, it has attracted the attention of the entire industrialized developed countries. It is expected that in the 21st century, smart materials will guide the development direction of materials science, and its application and development will bring human civilization to a higher stage.
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