The Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Tomb is the largest tombstone in the Lingnan area, the most abundant funerary objects, and the well-preserved Han Dynasty painted mural stone chamber tomb. It has more than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics and has important historical, cultural, scientific and artistic values. It is the most precious historical and cultural heritage in Guangzhou and was rated as one of the major archaeological discoveries in China. The tomb was buried with a large number of treasures, living utensils and 15 monks, fully reflecting the funeral concept of "death as a matter of life", many artifacts are the utility and cherished things before the tomb. Even some artifacts, when employment had broken down, were still cherished, and continued to be used after re-repairing, and accompanied by the owner of the tomb for thousands of years, it can be seen that the ancients cherish the jade, even the broken, broken and broken jade.
The cover has been used for a long time after it has broken
The jade box has a height of 7.7 cm and a diameter of 9.8 cm. Carved from green jade, the jade is warm and moist, and the inside and outside are polished and polished, and the carving is fine, which is called the fine of Hanyu. The lid is interlocked with the child's mouth of the box body, and the box body is like a round bowl, which is decorated with three weeks of decoration from top to bottom. The cover is also decorated with double phoenix patterns. The side of the lid has been broken, and two sets of small holes are symmetrical along the crack. Grooves are also engraved on the inside of the lid. The pieces should be spliced ​​with silk and hemp ropes. The thread can be hidden in the lid. Inside the groove is not exposed.
According to the report: "After careful inspection, the burrs of the breach have almost been smooth, indicating that the cover has been used for a long time after it has broken." This indicates that the jade box is a long-term cherished object of the tomb.
The tiger head gold hook buckle dragon-shaped jade is unearthed at the right side of the Yu Yue cemetery. The dragon-shaped jade is 11.5 cm long, the gold hook is 5.9 cm long, and the overall length is 14.4 cm. It is a combination of a dragon carved in sapphire and a gold tiger head with a hook to form a vivid picture of the battle between dragons and tigers. The long body of the jade dragon is bent into an S shape, the mouth is finned, the tail is rewinded, and the lower part is broken. There are 3 small round holes drilled on both sides of the fracture, which should be connected with a string.
The gold hook is cast, the table is polished, the hook and the hook are made in the shape of a tiger head. The tiger's head and eyebrows at the end of the hook are raised, and the top of the forehead is carved with an inscription "王". The set of rafts formed by the tiger's mouth was just placed at the break of the jade dragon when it was unearthed. There is a round button on the hook. Apparently, after the second half of the dragon-shaped jade, the dragon-shaped gold hook was specially made to match it, so that the jade change function became a hook. With the hook developed to the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States to reach the peak, the Han Dynasty has a "full of sitting, depending on the hooks" with the hook. The five jade belt hooks unearthed in the tomb are owned by the tomb. Due to its breakage, the two jade animals, the dragon and the tiger, have the opportunity to skillfully combine different materials to form an artifact, concealing the traces of repairing invisible, reflecting the creative ideas of the craftsman. The overall charm is vivid and the carving is fine. It is a classic in the hook of the Han Dynasty, which shows the special status of the owner.
Nanyue State-owned Gold and Silver Handicraft Workshop
The phoenix-shaped jade is unearthed on the left side of the yuyi hood of the Tomb of Nanyue King. The length is 14 cm and the width is 7.4 cm. Sapphire quality. The whole body is flat and double-sided openwork. Yupee is a long box in the middle, with a roll of cloud pattern on it, and a high-crowned tail-shaped phoenix bird. A deformed phoenix bird is carved through the frame. On the right side of the box, a phoenix bird is carved, the feet are stepped on, and the long tail is drooping. The left side is carved with a string of birds, and a deformed bird is decorated on it. The composition is full of dynamic and breaks through the traditional symmetry. It is refreshing. The lower end of the jade box has been broken, and two H-shaped small gold bridges are cast to connect the upper and lower ports. The golden bridge is also engraved with cirrus decoration. The intervention of the two golden bridges makes the whole body one, which makes the different materials of gold and jade perfectly combined, which adds added value.
These three pieces of repaired jade are unearthed from the owner of the main chamber tomb, and its significance and importance are self-evident. The South Vietnamese country is a part of the country. Its land area, population and national strength are incomparable with the Western Han Dynasty. However, the jade found in the tomb is numerous and exquisite. Compared with the jade unearthed from the tomb of the princes in the same period. Nothing. More than 100 pieces (sets) of jade ornaments were unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King. These jade ornaments not only reflect the difference in the identity level of the wearer, but also indicate that the South Vietnamese country still retains the tradition of the pre-Qin Peiyu.
It is undeniable that there are a large number of jade articles in the Warring States period in the Tomb of the South Vietnamese King. Some jade articles are not only raw materials, but their producers do not rule out the possibility of coming from other places. In addition, there is a documentary history of Nanyue Wang Zhaoxuan who gave a white pipa to the record: "In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Wei, because of Lu Jia, returned a white pair, a kingfisher, a shellfish, a cassia, a pottery Forty pairs, this one-time event is also "(Yuan·Chen Dazhen, Lu Guisun, Xiu Xiu, "The Yuan Da De Nan Haizhi Remnant", Nanhai Zhiju, the sixth earth tribute article). As the offering of the Han Dynasty, Bai Yu was the first to confirm that the South Vietnamese country did have its own jade workshop, and the jade pieces of Xuanzang were also found in the jade pieces of the Nanyue Wang Yuyi trunk pants. Let's not say where the production of these jade articles came from. From the traces of these repairs, the drilling should be done by the Yugong of the South Vietnamese country. In addition, there are 4 silver ingots unearthed in the Western Chamber, which indicates that the South Vietnamese state-owned gold and silver handicraft workshop, the gold hook of the above-mentioned gold hook buckle Yulongpei and the golden bridge of the phoenix pattern jade, can basically assume that the metal part should be Nanyue Wangting. Made by.
The method of drilling and splicing was first seen in the pottery of the Neolithic Age. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were enamel nails and porcelain, which had the progress and development of the times, and the drilling technology was the foundation. For jade, drilling technology does not have any difficulty. As early as the Neolithic period, the drilling of jade is common, and it is mostly used for hanging. The common method of repairing is to drill a hole near the broken fracture after the jade is broken, and it can be spliced ​​into a complete shape by a wire rope or the like.
The Hongshan culture of the second site of the Niuheliang site in Jianping County, Liaoning Province, is a red hole in the tomb of the Hongshan Culture. The upper part of the upper edge and the lower edge of the upper edge have round holes for the joint. The Longshan culture jade collected from the Lushanyu site in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, is roughly split into four equal pieces. Each small crack is drilled with two small round holes for coupling.
The situation of remodeling in jade is also more common. For example, the large-scale segmented jade plaque unearthed from the cemetery of Guwei Village in Hui County, Henan Province, consists of a jade carving with a beast and a beast in the late spring and autumn, and two jade carvings in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Partially, two pieces of the dragon head of the Shuanglong Shouyu in the late Warring States Period, and two pieces of the Yuhuan in the late Warring States Period were firstly finished with copper sheets. It is speculated that except for the Yuhuan first and the é•‚ å§ å§ å§ çŽ‰, the rest are from the original The cut piece on the damaged jade. The restructuring is also largely due to the damage of the original device. Like the golden hook buckle, the dragon-shaped jade is also a reformer in the strict sense, but because of its obvious repair marks and intentions, it is classified as a patcher here. .
According to archaeological reports, there is no such large-scale jade unearthed in Guangzhou and even in the Lingnan area before and after the Nanyue country. That is because the South Vietnamese country did not have the conditions for developing jade technology and culture before, but later because the Western Han Dynasty unified Nanyue, the consumption of jade The disappearance of the high-ranking group of South Vietnamese kings has made high-end jade articles gradually rare or missing. In addition to the Tomb of the South Vietnamese King, the number of jade unearthed in the Lingnan area is limited, and most of them are small pieces. In the jade wares unearthed from the tombs of the kings of the princes in other areas, there are basically no traces of repairs, mostly reformers. In short, the jade jade unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King is extremely rare. The jade itself and the craftsmanship of the jade repair after the damage are unique and amazing. This shows that the ancients cherish the jade, and also show that the Chinese love jade and Chongyu. The traditional concept has been around for a long time.
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